Mobile phone Wikipedia
Restrictions on the use of mobile phones are applied in a number of different contexts, often with the goal of health, safety, security or proper functioning of an establishment, or as a matter of etiquette. In Israel, similar phones to kosher phones with restricted features exist to observe the sabbath; under Orthodox Judaism, the use of any electrical device is generally prohibited during this time, other than to save lives, or reduce the risk of death or similar needs. Demand for metals used in mobile phones and other electronics fuelled the Second Congo War, which claimed almost 5.5 million lives. Even so, mobile phones typically have less value on the second-hand market if the phones original IMEI is blacklisted.
- Mobile phones are considered an important human invention as it has been one of the most widely used and sold pieces of consumer technology.
- This was followed by 3.5G or 3G+ enhancements based on the high-speed packet access (HSPA) family, allowing UMTS networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity.
- These 0G systems were not cellular, supported a few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.
- The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000, and subsequently many organizations provided “on-demand” and “instant” news services by SMS.
- These include text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, and internet access (via LTE, 5G NR or Wi-Fi), as well as short-range wireless technologies like Bluetooth, infrared, and ultra-wideband (UWB).
A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable wireless telephone that allows users to make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while moving within a designated telephone service area, unlike fixed-location phones (landline phones). Text messaging, which are performed on mobile phones, has also led to the creation of ‘SMS language’. In Japanese mobile phone culture for example, mobile phones are often decorated with charms.
In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide mobile banking services, which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text message. Former systems would cover a service area with one or two powerful base stations with a range of up to tens of kilometers’ (miles), using only a few sets of radio channels (frequencies). The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries.
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The petition is part of a joint effort by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman and San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón and was directed to the CEOs of the major smartphone manufacturers and telecommunication carriers. Studies have shown that around 40–50% of the environmental impact of mobile phones occurs during the manufacture of their printed wiring boards and integrated circuits. China has proposed using this technology to track the commuting patterns of Beijing city residents. Enabling contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones requires the co-operation of manufacturers, network operators, and retail merchants. A pilot project in Bali was launched in 2011 by the International Finance Corporation and an Indonesian bank, Bank Mandiri.
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The growth in popularity has been rapid in some places; for example, in the UK, the total number of mobile phones overtook the number of houses in 1999. Mobile phones are considered an important human invention as they have been one of the most widely used and sold pieces of consumer technology. For feature phones as of 2016update, the top-selling brands were Samsung, Nokia and Alcatel. In 1979, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) launched the world’s first cellular network in Japan.
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In 2013, a national survey in the US reported the number of drivers who reported using their cellphones to access the Internet while driving had risen to nearly one of four. This can lead to drivers being stopped for using their device illegally for a phone call when, in fact, they were using the device legally, for example, when using the phone’s incorporated controls for car stereo, GPS or satnav. This is more apparent in countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those which cash lounge casino ban handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the mobile phone is being used simply by looking at the driver. Due to the increasing complexity of mobile phones, they are often more like mobile computers in their available uses. In March 2011, a US insurance company, State Farm Insurance, announced the results of a study which showed 19% of drivers surveyed accessed the Internet on a smartphone while driving. In September 2010, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported that 995 people were killed by drivers distracted by cell phones.
3G is able to provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. These first-generation (1G) systems could support far more simultaneous calls but still used analog cellular technology. Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. “Mobile phone” is the most common English-language term, while the term “cell phone” is in more common use in North America – both are in essence shorter versions of “mobile telephone” and “cellular telephone”, respectively.
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The first GSM phones and many feature phones had NOR flash memory, from which processor instructions could be executed directly in an execute in place architecture and allowed for short boot times. Capacity was further increased when phone companies implemented digital networks. Due to bandwidth limitations each cell will have a maximum number of cell phones it can handle at once. The cell towers are usually interconnected to each other and the phone network and the internet by wired connections.
- As well, technical limitations such as antenna efficiency and receiver design limit the range of frequencies a customer unit could use.
- In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide mobile banking services, which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text message.
- SIM and R-UIM cards may be mixed together to allow both GSM and CDMA networks to be accessed.
- 3G is able to provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.
- Feature phone is a term typically used as a retronym to describe mobile phones which are limited in capabilities in contrast to a modern smartphone.
Most early content for mobile phones tended to be copies of legacy media, such as banner advertisements or TV news highlight video clips. There are a huge variety of apps, including video games, music products and business tools. The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000, and subsequently many organizations provided “on-demand” and “instant” news services by SMS.
Soon afterwards, other media content appeared, such as news, video games, jokes, horoscopes, TV content and advertising. Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, such as keeping in touch with family members, for conducting business, and in order to have access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. In February 2014, 93% of mobile developers were targeting smartphones first for mobile app development. Up until that point, smartphone application distribution depended on third-party sources providing applications for multiple platforms, such as GetJar, Handango, Handmark, and PocketGear.